Iindaba kunye neCofa

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye izinto eziphunyeziweyo zenziwe kwibala lezinto zokupakisha eziluhlaza, eziye zaduma zaze zasetyenziswa kwintengiso yasekhaya neyehlabathi. Izinto zokupakisha eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo zibhekisela kwezo zinto zihambelana noVavanyo lweMjikelo woBomi (LCA) kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, ezilungele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu kwaye aziyi kubangela umonakalo ogqithiseleyo kwindalo, kwaye zinokutshatyalaliswa. okanye zihlaziywe ngokwazo emva kokusetyenziswa.

Okwangoku, sicebisa kakhulu izinto ezi-eco-friendly ezahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezi-4: izinto zemveliso yephepha, izinto zebhayoloji zendalo, izinto ezinokuwohloka, izinto ezityiwayo.

1. IphephaIzinto eziphathekayo

Izinto zephepha zivela kwimithombo yokhuni yendalo. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zokuthotywa okukhawulezileyo, ukurisayikilishwa ngokulula kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo, imathiriyeli yephepha iye yaba zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokupakisha eziluhlaza ezinolona luhlu lubanzi lwesicelo kunye nexesha lokuqala lokusetyenziswa.

Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kudla iinkuni ezininzi. I-pulp engeyiyo imithi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo ukwenza iphepha, njengengcongolo, i-straw, i-bagasse, ilitye njl.

Emva kokusetyenziswa kweukupakishwa kwephepha, ayiyi kubangela umonakalo wongcoliseko kwi-ecology, kwaye inokuthotywa ibe izondlo. Ngoko ke, kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwanamhlanje lwezinto zokupakisha, ukupakishwa kwephepha kusenayo indawo, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezizodwa.

2. Izinto zebhayoloji zendalo

Imathiriyeli yokupakisha yendalo yebhayoloji ikakhulu ibandakanya imathiriyeli yefayibha yezityalo kunye nemathiriyeli yesitatshi, umxholo wayo ungaphezulu kwe-80%, kunye neengenelo zokungangcoliseki, ukuhlaziya, ukusetyenzwa lula kunye neempawu ezintle nezisebenzayo. Emva kokusetyenziswa, izondlo ezishiyiweyo zinokuguqulwa kwaye ziqonde umjikelo wendalo.

Ezinye izityalo zizinto zendalo zokupakisha, ukuba nje ukusetyenzwa okuncinci kunokuba yincasa yendalo yokupakishwa, njengamagqabi, iingcongolo, iselwa, uqalo, njl.iipakethebabe nenkangeleko entle kunye nencasa yenkcubeko, enokwenza abantu bazive bebuyele kwindalo kwaye babe nemvakalelo yendalo yokuqala.

3. Izinto ezonakaliswayo

Izinto eziguquguqukayo zisekelwe ikakhulu kwiplastiki, ukongeza i-photosensitizer, isitashi esilungisiweyo, i-agent ye-biological degradation kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa ukuzinza kweplastiki yemveli, ukukhawulezisa isantya sayo sokuthotywa kwimeko yendalo ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwendalo. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthotywa, zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo ezinokuguquguquka, ifotodegradable materials, thermal degradable materials and mechanical degradable materials.

Okwangoku, izinto eziphucukileyo zemveli ezivuthiweyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu, njengesiseko sesitashi, i-polylactic acid, ifilimu ye-PVA; Ezinye izinto ezintsha ezingonakaliswayo, ezifana neselulosi, i-chitosan, iiprotheyini kunye nezinye izinto ezingonakaliswayo nazo zinamandla amakhulu ophuhliso.

4. Izinto ezityiwayo

Izinto ezidliwayo zizinto ezinokuthi zityiwe ngokuthe ngqo okanye zifakwe ngumzimba womntu. Njenge: lipid, ifayibha, istatshi, iprotheni, kunye namanye amandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ezi zinto zikhula ngokukhula kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zikhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziyizinto eziluhlaza zokutya, kwaye iimeko ezingqongqo zococeko ziyafuneka kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu.

Ukupakishwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukuphuhliswa kohlaza olutshaukupakishwaizixhobo kufuneka zibe yimfuneko, kwangaxeshanye uyilo lokupakisha kufuneka lusebenze. Izinto zokupakisha zokusingqongileyo kuyilo lokupakisha ziya kuba sesinye sezicelo eziphambili kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokuphuculwa koyilo lwesakhiwo, uyilo olukhaphukhaphu, ukwandisa ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli, siya kufezekisa umphumo weenjongo ezininzi, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.